@MastersThesis{Münchow:2011:EsCaCa,
author = "M{\"u}nchow, Gabriel Bonow",
title = "Impacto da assimila{\c{c}}{\~a}o de dados de aeross{\'o}is no
modelo ambiental CCAT-BRAMS: um estudo de caso da campanha CLAIM",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais",
year = "2011",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2011-02-18",
keywords = "qu{\'{\i}}mica atmosf{\'e}rica, assimila{\c{c}}{\~a}o
avan{\c{c}}ada de dados, aeross{\'o}is, campanha CLAIM,
atmospheric chemical, aerosols, CLAIM campaign.",
abstract = "Todos os anos no Brasil central, grandes {\'a}reas de floresta,
cerrado e pasto s{\~a}o queimadas, emitindo aeross{\'o}is de
carbono prim{\'a}rio para a atmosfera, especialmente no final da
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca. Os aeross{\'o}is interferem no
balan{\c{c}}o de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o, afetando diretamente a
quantidade de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o refletida e retroespalhada de
volta ao espa{\c{c}}o, a radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o absorvida pela
atmosfera, e tamb{\'e}m a radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de onda longa.
Al{\'e}m dos efeitos diretos, os aeross{\'o}is afetam a
microf{\'{\i}}sica de nuvens, agindo como n{\'u}cleos de
condensa{\c{c}}{\~a}o, modificando o regime de
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e o albedo da nuvem. Durante a
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de queima na Am{\'e}rica do Sul, a qualidade
do ar tamb{\'e}m {\'e} significativamente afetada pelos
aeross{\'o}is, diminuindo a visibilidade e causando
doen{\c{c}}as respirat{\'o}rias devido {\`a}s
part{\'{\i}}culas inal{\'a}veis. Modelos num{\'e}ricos de
transporte qu{\'{\i}}mico da atmosfera podem ser usados para
estudar e prever o comportamento dos aeross{\'o}is e seus
efeitos. As simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es feitas por estes modelos podem
obter melhores resultados atrav{\'e}s de m{\'e}todos de
assimila{\c{c}}{\~a}o de dados, utilizando
observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es dispon{\'{\i}}veis para corrigir as
simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es do modelo. Neste estudo, foi utilizado um
sistema de assimila{\c{c}}{\~a}o baseado no m{\'e}todo
variacional em duas dimens{\~o}es (2D-Var), acoplado ao modelo
\textit{Coupled Chemical-Aerosol-Tracer Transport - Brazilian
developments on the Regional Modeling System} (CCATT-BRAMS). O
sistema 2D-Var foi utilizado para assimilar
observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es de concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de massa de
material particulado menor que 2,5\$\mu\$m (PM\$_{2.5}\$).
Estas observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es foram coletadas durante a campanha
\textit{Cloud-Aerosol Interaction Measurements} (CLAIM),
realizada em outubro de 2007, na regi{\~a}o norte do Estado do
Mato Grosso, Brasil. As medidas foram realizadas utilizando o
instrumento DataRAM abordo de uma aeronave que coletou
informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es com uma freq{\"u}{\^e}ncia de 10
segundos e 30 segundos. Durante a campanha, foram realizados 17
v{\^o}os ao todo, dos quais 13 puderam ser utilizados neste
estudo. Os resultados apresentam uma consider{\'a}vel melhora nos
valores de PM\$_{2.5}\$ modelados, aproximando o modelo das
observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es, mesmo assimilando uma
observa{\c{c}}{\~a}o m{\'e}dia por v{\^o}o. Os melhores
resultados foram obtidos com a utiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o do Erro
Relativo de \textit{Background} igual a 200\%, com um fator de
corre{\c{c}}{\~a}o calculado pela assimila{\c{c}}{\~a}o
adaptado ao tipo de observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es assimiladas, com raios
de influ{\^e}ncia inomog{\^e}neos, calculados individualmente
para cada v{\^o}o, e com um banco de dados observados suavizados,
sem picos singulares de concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Com estas
configura{\c{c}}{\~o}es o sistema de assimila{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi
capaz de aproximar de maneira {\'o}tima as an{\'a}lises {\`a}s
observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es. ABSTRACT: In Central Brazil every year
large areas of forest, cerrado and pasture land are bumed emitting
primary carbonaceous aerosols into the atmosphere, especially in
the end of the dry season. The aerosols interfere with the
radiative budget, affecting directly the amount of solar radiation
that is reflected and scattered back to space, and partly absorbed
by the atmosphere. The long wave terrestrial radiation is also
affected. Aerosols also affect cloud microphysics acting as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN), modifying precipitation patterns and
cloud albedo. During the South American burning season, aerosols
have a significant impact on local and regional air quality
affecting visibility and human health by particle inhalation
causing pulmonary diseases. Atmospheric chemical numerical models
can be used to study and forecast aerosol behavior and effects.
Better simulations of aerosols by numerical models can be achieved
through data assimilation methods including available aerosol
observations to correct the model simulations. In this study an
assimilation system was used based on a two dimensional
variational data assimilation method (2D- VAR) coupled to the
Coupled Chemical-Aerosol-Tracer Transport - Brazilian developments
on the Regional Modeling System (CCATT-BRAMS). The assimilated
observations are mass concentration (MC) of particular matter
smaller than 2,5\$\mu\$m (PM\$_{2.5}\$). The observations
were collected in October 2007, during the Cloud-\textit{Aeroso}l
Interaction Measurements (CLAIM) campaign, which took place in the
northern region of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The
measurements of PM\$_{2.5}\$were collected by a DataRAM
instrument aboard the aircraft that collected information with a
frequency of 10s or 30s. During the campaign 17 flights were
carried out, 13 of which could be used in this study. The
assimilation system shows a considerable improvement of the
modeled PM\$_{2.5}\$ field, approaching its values to the
observations, as expected, even assimilating an average
observation for each flight. The best guess was obtained using the
Relative Background Error equal to 200\%, the correction factor
calculated by assimilation system adapted to the kind of
assimilated observations, inhomogeneous radii of influence, and
smoothed observational data without outliers. With these
parameters the assimilation system was able to approach, in a
optimal way, the analysis to the observations.",
committee = "Vila, Daniel Alejandro (presidente) and Herdies, Dirceu Luis
(orientador) and Freitas, Karla Maria Longo de (orientador) and
Hoelzemann, Judith Johanna and Correia, Alexandre Lima",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Impact of aerosol data assimilation in the CATT-BRAMS
environmerntal model: a case study with data from CLAIM campaign",
language = "pt",
pages = "125",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP7W/39549E8",
url = "http://urlib.net/rep/8JMKD3MGP7W/39549E8",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "14 jul. 2020"
}