%0 Journal Article
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%3 cusp.pdf
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%X The possibility of quasi-stable trapping of charged particles of hundreds keV-MeV energy on the front side Earth magnetosphere is explored in this article by numerical modeling of the single particle orbits in the geomagnetic field utilizing empirical Tsyganenko model. On the front side magnetosphere the remote equatorial magnetic field lines are compressed to balance the solar wind pressure and exhibit two minima in the geomagnetic field strength magnitude along the field line in high latitudes on both sides of the equator which results in stable confinement structures in the north or/and the south hemispheres, providing energetic particle trapping for times from several minutes to durations of seasonal scale. Simulation of the energetic proton orbits in magnetosphere passing through the regions of magnetic field minima with different disturbance level and the Earth's tilt shows when and where these trapped radiation zones could exist. It is noted that the existence of this adiabatic confinement zone depends on the tilt of the geomagnetic dipole axis to the Sun-Earth direction. As a result the northern polar cap (cusp) confinement zone appears only during a summer solstice and similarly the southern hemisphere capture zone appears during a winter solstice. During equinox the confinement zones exist in both hemispheres in the disturbed magnetospheric conditions, however, they are less pronounced. The zones are essentially restricted to the sunlit magnetosphere. They form a kind of cusp radiation belt, where a proton drifts with a period of several minutes, conserving its 1st and the 2nd adiabatic invariants. The latitudinal width of the belt is very thin, about 2-5 latitudinal degrees. The particle orbits passing through opposite off-equatorial field minimum reveal another effect: a bound of the geomagnetic equatorial plane on the day sector. These and other features of the confinement zones in the two minima off-equatorial magnetic field regions are discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
%8 Mar.
%N 5
%T Cusp region radiation belts in the dayside magnetosphere
%K magnetosphere, cusp region, trapped particles, radiation belts  FIELD, PARTICLES, ELECTRONS, SHEET, MODEL.
%@secondarytype PRE PI
%@group RSU-INPE-MCT-BR
%@group DAS-INPE-MCT-BR
%@copyholder SID/SCD
%@secondarykey INPE-12632-PRE/7924
%@issn 1364-6826
%2 sid.inpe.br/iris@1916/2005/06.21.17.56.32
%@affiliation Instituto Nacional Pesquisas Espaciais,Divisãon de Astrofisica(INPE, DAS,
%@affiliation INPE, Unidad Reg Pesquisas Espacials, Santa Maria, RS BR-12201970 Brazil,
%@affiliation Russian Acad Sci, Inst Space Res, Moscow, V71 Russia,
%@affiliation Weber State Univ, Ogden, UT 84408 USA,
%B Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
%P 479-487
%4 sid.inpe.br/iris@1916/2005/06.21.17.56
%D 2005
%V 67
%A Pugacheva,  Galina Ivanovna,
%A Gusev,  A. A.,
%A Jayanthi, Udaya Bhaskaram,
%A Schuch, Nelson Jorge,
%A Spjeldvik,  W. N.,
%@area CEA